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Trends in Probation and Parole in the States
by Bill Burrell (reproduced with permission from the Council of State Governments, Book of the States, 2005.)

Probation and parole play an essential and critical role in the administration of both criminal and juvenile justice. They supervise the vast majority of offenders, and their caseloads continue to grow. In response to the pressures of increased workload, static or declining budgets, and limited public and political support, six strategic trends have emerged. These trends characterize the efforts of probation and parole to meet their mandates and improve their effectiveness. This article explains and defines the six trends in a straight-forward and easy to read format for anyone needing a good over view of the current status of community corrections in the United States. Download: PDF

Domestic Violence and the Role of Community Corrections
This interactive computer-based instructional program was originally developed for New York State probation officers. With the permission of the organizations that developed it, the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) has adapted the program for a broader audience through its project, Protecting Victims Through Community Supervision of Intimate Partner Abusers, funded by the Office on Violence Against Women, U.S. Department of Justice.

The APPA project has developed a set of 41 guidelines for the community supervision of domestic violence offenders. This computer-based instructional program provides fundamental information about working with domestic violence cases upon which community corrections officers can build skills to implement the APPA guidelines.

The goal of this course is to assist community corrections officers in understanding the nature and dynamics of domestic violence. This training program was developed to focus on the serious nature of domestic violence. The information in the course focuses on the important role of community corrections officers in supporting the safety of victims of domestic violence while holding offenders accountable for the abuse of their intimate partners.

This course has been approved for three continuing education contact hours by the American Probation and Parole Association. Upon completing the course and passing the course examination with a score of 80% or higher, you may submit your Notice of Completion that will be generated by the software with a signature from your supervisor and receive a Continuing Education Certificate from APPA. Instructions will be furnished at the conclusion of the course and examination.

The course can be viewed and completed by inserting the CD in a personal computer and consists of six lessons and a comprehensive examination. To receive a free copy of this CD, complete a brief request form. The CD will be mailed to you within two weeks. (Limit one per person while supplies are available.)

Functional Standards Development for Automated Case Management Systems for Probation
The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) with a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) has developed a document defining functional standards for effective automated case management systems for probation. The standards were reviewed, edited, and enhanced by a Standards Development Team composed of probation practitioners, criminal justice information technology experts, and information system vendors, and they were disseminated for public comment. Thus, the final document represents input and feedback from a broad and varied audience. Download: PDF | WORD

The Three "R"s of Reentry
Currently there is a significant amount of attention focused on the large number of offenders who are being released from prison to communities across the country. Leadership and support from the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs have created opportunities to discuss, plan and implement new strategies to more effectively deal with offenders who are going home.

This white paper is intended to be just that: an opportunity to create a dialogue about offender reentry from a victim-, family, and harm centered perspective.

  • Reparative Justice
  • Relationships
  • Responsibility

Download: PDF

Offender Supervision with Electronic Technology: 
A User’s Guide
The document is designed to help readers understand and appreciate the process needed to incorporate and implement electronic supervision strategies within justice system programs. It was developed for agency staff that want either to introduce electronic supervision as a new program component or enhance the use of electronic supervision that has already been implemented. The document is divided into five sections, and by reading each of these sequentially, the steps for developing or enhancing electronic supervision strategies will be apparent. However, sections or chapters may be read independently if program staff needs additional information about a particular topic. Download: PDF

Promising Victim-Related Practices and Strategies in Probation and Parole
Identify the elements of exemplary victim-related probation and parole practices.  This book will provide your agency with specific direction of the development and implementation of promising victim-related services and programs.  This compendium is available to you at no cost from the Office for victims of Crime Resource Center (OVCRC) by calling 1-800-627-6872.  Reference publication number NCJ 166606.  Download: PDF

Successful Transition and Reentry for Safer Communities: A Call to Action for Parole
Authors: Peggy Burke, Michael Tonry
The release each year of hundreds of thousands of people from prison to communities all across America has established offender reentry as a high profile issue on national and state policy agendas. The urgency of this call to action stems from several critical factors. First, a major proportion of offenders failing upon reentry – and returning to prison – are doing so as a result of parole violations and revocations. Second, one of the most basic and compelling lessons emerging form the research about enhancing successful reentry is the importance of targeting resources to higher risk offenders according to needs relating to their criminality. Third, paroling authorities are well positioned to reduce the severe fragmentation that hampers criminal justice system efforts. Lastly, this is an urgent call to action because the window of opportunity will not remain open indefinitely.
 Download: PDF

The Victim's Role in Offender Reentry: A Community Response Manual
Offers practical suggestions regarding how reentry partners can become involved in assisting victims whose offenders are released, or preparing to be released, to the community. Download
: PDF

Peer Justice and Youth Empowerment: An Implementation Guide for Teen Court Programs
Equip your juvenile justice agency with the information needed to aid you in developing, implementing and enhancing a teen court program.

The American Probation and Parole Association, which administers the National Youth Court Center, developed Peer Justice and Youth Empowerment: An Implementation Guide for Youth Courts to provide program organizers with baseline information on developing, implementing, and enhancing teen court programs within their jurisdictions. Rather than endorsing one particular model of teen court, this manual provides program organizers and potential stakeholders with a general overview of issues to consider and guides them through a decision making process for the implementation of a teen court program that fits local needs. Sample forms and other helpful resources are also included as supplementary materials.

Order a copy of this publication
Download: LINK (Please note: the Internet version does not include Chapter 10: Program Evaluation or the Appendices).

National Youth Court Guidelines
Developed by the National Youth Court Center, the National Youth Court Guidelines are designed to give youth courts direction for developing and operating effective programs for the ultimate purpose of increasing program accountability and integrity of the “youth court field.” Each chapter begins with a brief overview of the guidelines that are recommended for that particular program area. Afterwards, each guideline is discussed in more detail. A rationale for each guideline, as well as tips for implementing each guideline is included. At the conclusion of each chapter there is a section that identifies some outcomes youth court programs might reasonably expect if they adhere to the recommendations made in the guidelines.

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Download: PDF

An Implementation Guide For Juvenile Holdover Programs
Juvenile holdover programs provide a unique opportunity for juvenile justice agencies and the community to participate in the development of a community-based, short-term, temporary holding program for youth who do not require secure detention. An Implementation Guide for Juvenile Holdover Programs provides program planners with theory as well as tools to assist with the design, planning, and implementation process. Additional assistance is provided in the appendixes of the manual and sample forms for juvenile holdover programs are provided on an accompanying compact disk. Available free while supplies at (859) 244-8207. 

Revisiting Megan's Law and Sex Offender Registration: 
Prevention or Problem
Both convicted sex offenders and innocent citizens have experienced serious and negative consequences resulting from the implementation of the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act, passed in 1994, which included national sex offender registration laws, and Megan's Law, passed in 1996, requiring public notification of sex offender release. This paper reviews the predictions made by the author in 1996 regarding these laws and the negative impact documented since their implementation.
Download: PDF