VOLUME 45, NUMBER 4 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERIC AN PROBA TION AND P AROLE A SSOCIA TION WWW .APP A -NET .ORG INTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICEINTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 2 PERSPECTIVESVOLUME 45, NUMBER 4 5 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION American Probation and Parole Association 21 800.622.1644 | www.NCTI.org | info@NCTI.org Evidence-Based Curricula & Certification Training from NCTI in Partnership with APPA National Curriculum & Training Institute®, Inc. | 319 E. McDowell Road, Ste. 200 Phoenix, AZ 85004 © 2 01 1 NC TI . A ll rig ht s re ser ve d. NCTI’s renowned, evidence-based curricula and the only APPA-accredited facilitator training in the field, comes with a complete system of powerful tools that helps you discover an effective path to Behavior Change. Call today to find out how NCTI can help you. With More than Curricula Alone... NCTI’s Complete Behavior Change System gives you a support structure that makes referring professionals’ work easier, strengthens program fidelity, and enhances learning by clients. 3 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE Thanks to everyone who joined us in Atlanta for the Winter Institute. What an incredible program that Veronica Cunningham, the APPA staff, and the Program Chairs put together for us. We heard from speakers across the country reminding us how important our own health is in doing this work—as we all know, you have to take care of the people who take care of the people. We discussed the importance of approaching our work with a Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility lens—that we cannot have healthy workspaces unless there is true opportunity for all. We heard from experts on the need for supervisors and managers to take a different approach when working with staff and leading their agency’s mission—again as a leader, we have to create environments where people can do great work. And with one of the most powerful messages, Bryan Stevenson reminded us that we cannot do great work without Hope and Proximity. As individual actors in the system, we understand the need for people to have pathways to success. We see the hopelessness in the p eople we serve, when they recognize that there are few, if any, pathways forward. But as a system, we get caught up too often in the “you have to admit your past to change your future” or “the system needs to hold people accountable to change” frameworks. We have been conditioned to believe that the only way forward is to admit you are “broken” and “pay a price” for your past behaviors; then and only then can you take a step forward. While our work in the United States has been steeped in this “fight denial and apply accountability” framework for 100+ years, we are beginning to challenge this thinking. As we read through this edition of Perspectives, I would challenge us to set aside our assumptions about the necessity for admitting ones past and being held accountable by the system and examine what other countries have done to address criminal behavior in their communities. As we reflect on Mr. Stevenson’s words, it is important for us to instill hope and be proximate to the people who we work with, and maybe, just maybe, some of these articles will help us explore ways to do just that. Now on a more personal note, I want to take time to acknowledge the passing of my mentor, my colleague, and my friend, Dr. Edward Latessa. As many of you know, Dr. Latessa was one of the academicians who was able to transcend the ivory tower and speak directly to us working in the field. In the late 1980s and early 1990s when rehabilitation was almost dead, Dr. Latessa was traversing the country talking about the need for better change-oriented interventions. His “what works (and what doesn’t) in corrections” talk resonated loudly across this country at a time when the system was moving towards what Ed would call a “trail ‘em, nail ‘em, and jail ‘em” perspective. Ed would continually call for the system to shy away from punishment-based interventions and focus instead on improving behavioral change interventions. Let me be clear, his critiques didn’t stop at just punishment-oriented interventions; he was equally critical of behavioral change programs that were rooted in anecdotal evidence and not science. Calling for an end to correctional quackery, Ed was one board president’s message BRIAN LOVINS PRESIDENTINTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 4 PERSPECTIVESVOLUME 45, NUMBER 4 president’s message of the first to challenge the efficacy of boot camps and scared straight programs leading to the eventual closure of many of these programs across the country. While people loved his sharp wit and his willingness to call out programs for ineffective work, I believe people loved him even more because he didn’t just stop at telling us what doesn’t work, he went on to lay out a path of how we get better. His work was foundational in the growth of effective correctional practices through the creation of quality assessments, the development of interventions based on theories of behavioral change, and the delivery of research that examined the effectiveness of correctional programing. His scholarly work, his passion to help move the field forward, his mentorship, his resounding call for better programming, and his approachability made him an incredible ambassador for the work that we do today. Thanks Ed, for the work that you inspired in me and many others in the field. We would not be where we are today without your vision, passion, and amazing ability to talk directly to the people who do this work.5 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE editor’s notes We seek to create a system of community justice where: A full range of sanctions and services provides public safety by insuring humane, effective, and individualized sentences for offenders and support and protection for victims; Primary prevention initiatives are cultivated through our leadership and guidance; Our communities are empowered to own and participate in solutions; Results are measured and direct our service delivery; Dignity and respect describe how each person is treated; Staff are empowered and supported in an environment of honesty, inclusion and respect for differences; and Partnerships with stakeholders lead to shared ownership of our vision. Welcome to this second special edition of Perspectives dedicated to international restorative justice, brought to you by APPA’s International Relations Committee. Our members have connected with colleagues who offer their expertise and operational examples for allowing people to repair the harm caused by their actions. In this edition, we offer articles describing two American restorative justice programs and two international models. These contributions on restorative practices complement and elaborate themes and practices discussed in the Perspectives summer edition. The American program articles both discuss working with first-time juvenile offenders who are appropriate for diversion away from the court system. The program in California works with urban youth while the Minnesota program reflects a rural offering in a smaller community. The New Zealand article describes the modern operation and institutionalization of restorative justice in a country which traces its reparative practices to principles originating in the indigenous Maori population. The article from the Netherlands discusses practices contributing to the restoration and desistance of the perpetrator, as well as integrated methods and tools. We hope that you enjoy this further exploration into the world of restorative justice. Sincerely, editor’s notes Julie Truschel, M.A. APPA INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE, CHAIR COMMUNITY SUPERVISION SOLUTIONS, PRESIDENT SUPERVISION AROUND THE WORLD (SAW) PROJECT, DIRECTORINTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 6 PERSPECTIVESVOLUME 45, NUMBER 4 from the executive director VERONICA CUNNINGHAM APPA EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/CEO The international committee has put together an excellent second issue of Perspectives featuring articles from the U.S. and abroad that describe different restorative justice programs. As expressed previously, I have a keen interest in both the development of restorative justice programs and in fostering awareness of international programs. That interest has grown, not abated. Many say, “What’s done cannot be undone” – that is not always true. Restorative justice programs are a good example. In view of the planning, hard work, and skills of those working in restorative justice, it is not surprising to see a significant number of success stories. These programs can have a powerful positive impact on both victims and the individuals responsible for harming them. Reparative justice programs involving youth are especially consequential, as there’s hope of truly changing the lives of the young participants who learn the consequences of their actions, take responsibility, make a sincere apology, and undertake necessary steps to redress the harm they’ve caused. Reading about these programs clarified for me the need to bring the parties together in a safe space and to ensure that victims have a voice. Sometimes there will be a resounding success and other times just baby steps in the right direction. But those are truly important baby steps--and the goal, to repair harm, is definitely worthwhile. With regard to the international perspective, I note that I will be part of a delegation traveling to Poland later this year, having been invited to join a delegation from Iowa. Probation in Poland has just celebrated its 100th anniversary, and I’m told they have some very unique programs. The delegates will make presentations, learn about their programs, and visit some facilities. Members of a previous delegation from Iowa in 2019 found the visit was quite interesting and broadened their viewpoint. A return visit by a delegation from Poland is expected. In planning for this trip, I and the other delegates will keep in mind that Poland, like many countries, has different correctional priorities than those we are used to, and they may not have the same access to resources. Restorative justice is one of the many topics that I will be discussing, so this Perspectives issue is timely! In closing, I want to express my thanks to the International Committee and everyone else involved in producing this issue of Perspectives. The hard work is recognizable!7 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE instructions to authors Perspectives disseminates information to the American Probation and Parole Association’s members on relevant policy and program issues and provides updates on activities of the Association. The membership represents adult and juvenile probation, parole, and community corrections agencies throughout the United States and abroad. Articles submitted for publication are screened by an editorial committee and, on occasion, selected reviewers, to determine acceptability based on relevance to the field of criminal justice, clarity of presentation, or research methodology. Perspectives does not reflect unsupported personal opinions. Articles must be emailed to in accordance with the following deadlines: Unless previously discussed with the editors, submissions should not exceed 12 typed pages, numbered consecutively, and double-spaced. All charts, graphs, tables, and photographs must be of reproduction quality. Optional titles may be submitted and selected after review with the editors. All submissions must be in English and in American Psychological Association (APA) Style. Authors should provide a one-paragraph biography, along with contact information. Notes should be used only for clarification or substantive comments, and should appear at the end of the text. References to source documents should appear in the body of the text with the author’s surname and the year of publication in parentheses, e.g., to (Mattson, 2015, p. 73). Alphabetize each reference at the end of the text using the following format: Mattson, B. (2015). Technology supports decision making in health and justice. Perspectives , 39 (4), 70- 79. Hanser, R. D. (2014). Community corrections (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. While the editors of Perspectives reserve the right to suggest modifications to any contribution, all authors will be responsible for, and given credit for, final versions of articles selected for publication. Submissions will not be returned to contributors. Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences American Correctional Association Association of Paroling Authorities International Association of Women Executives in Corrections AZ Chief Probation Officers Association AZ Probation Parole and Corrections Association Chief Probation Officers of CA Confederation of European Probation Correctional Leaders Association Crime Prevention Coalition of America / National Crime Prevention Council Dismas Charities, Inc. IJIS Institute IN Association of Community Correction Act Counties International Community Corrections Association Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision MN Association of Community Corrections Act Counties MN Association of County Probation Officers MN Corrections Association National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies National Association of Probation Executives New England Council on Crime and Delinquency New York State Probation Officers Association New Zealand Association of Probation Officers NY State Council of Probation Administrators OH Chief Probation Officers Association OR Juvenile Dept. Directors’ Assn. Probation and Community Corrections Officers Association Probation Association of New Jersey Probation Officers Association of Wielkopolska Probation Officers Professional Association of IN SC Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services VA Probation and Parole Association Westmoreland County Adult Probation WV Association of Probation Officers appa affiliate membersINTERNATIONAL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 8 PERSPECTIVESVOLUME 45, NUMBER 4 NEW ZEALAND’S EXPERIENCE INSTITUTIONALIZING RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY NYREE LEWIS RECOVERY-ORIENTED WORK: FROM PRISON TO SOCIETY A. GEERTS AND M. LIEBREGTS BUILDING COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TAKES THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY BY JULIE HILT RESTORING HOPE AND HEALING COMMUNITIES A RURAL MINNESOTA RESPONSE TO JUVENILE JUSTICE BY BRIAN ANDREWS PROBATION AND PAROLE PROFESSIONALS IDENTIFY WHERE THEY MOST NEED SUPPORT KIMBERLY BERNARD, PHD; KIMBERLY MEYER, PHD, ADRIANA ARCE, MA & LEAH BOWER, PHD 12 24 33 42 48 departments 10 PRODUCTION STAFF 11 APPA CORPORATE MEMBERS features9 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION PRODUCTION STAFF Veronica Cunningham Editor in Chief Kimberly Kras Perspectives Co-Editor Jason Stauffer Perspectives Co-Editor Megan Foster Production Coordinator Julie Pelstring Desktop Publisher APPA DIRECTORY APPA Main (859) 244-8204 Publication Orders (859) 244-8204 General Training Institute (859) 244-8204 Information Clearinghouse (859) 244-8204 Membership (859) 244-8204 Request for Training (859) 244-8206 Resource Expo (859) 244-8206 Advertising (859) 244-8206 Grants/TA (859) 244-8236 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Brian Lovins President Susan Rice President-Elect Marcus Hodges Vice President Tom Gregory Treasurer Audrey Rigsbee Secretary Tim Hardy Immediate Past President Scott Taylor Second Past President Isabel Perez-Morina Affiliate Representative Tania Appling Member At-Large Representative Alyza Gonzalez Line Staff Representative Herb Sinkinson Region 1 Representative Corinne Brisco Region 2 Representative Dena Davis Region 3 Representative Gene Cotter Region 4 Representative LaTasha Jones Region 5 Representative Veronica Cunningham Executive Director/CEO Communications should be addressed to: American Probation and Parole Association c/o The Council of State Governments 1776 Avenue of the States, Lexington, KY, 40511 Fax: (859) 244-8001, E-mail: Perspectives is published four times annually by the American Probation and Parole Association through its secretariat office in Lexington, Kentucky. ISSN 0821-1507 Reprint permission. Direct requests for permission to use material published in Perspectives in writing to perspectives@csg.org. © 2022 The Council of State Governments CO-CHAIRS JASON STAUFFER Assessment and Classification Services Supervisor, Treatment Services Division, Bureau of Reentry Coordination Pennsylvania Department of Corrections 1920 Technology Parkway Mechanicsburg, PA 17050 Phone: (717) 361-4300 KIMBERLY R. KRAS, PHD, San Diego State University Department of Criminal Justice School of Public Affairs 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 Phone: (619) 594-1158 BOARD MEMBERS: Eileen Ahlin, PhD, Penn State Harrisburg Ansley Dille, Utah Administrative Office of the Courts Lauren Duhaime, Bureau of Justice Assistance/George Mason University Phillip Galli, University of Wisconsin-River Falls Lily Gleicher, PhD, Robina Institute/DePaul University Shelley Johnson, PhD, University of North Carolina Charlotte Jennifer Lanterman, PhD, University of Nevada Reno Sarah Manchak, PhD, University of Cincinnati Katie Meyer, CAIS/JAIS Program Manager Carrie Ross, Yavapai County Adult Probation David Sattler, Washington State Administrative Office of the Courts Reveka Shteynberg, PhD, California State University San Bernardino Renea Snyder, Public Health Advisor Mark Stodola, NHTSA Probation Fellow David Taylor, Montgomery County (OH) Probation Reyna Cartagena Vasquez, CSOSA Jill Viglione, PhD, University of Central Florida Melissa Waldock, Kansas Department of Corrections Susan Wright, Pennsylvania Counseling Services editorial board The American Probation and Parole Association is an affiliate of and receives its secretariat services from The Council of State Governments (CSG). CSG, the multibranch association of the states and U.S. territories, works with state leaders across the nation and through its regions to put the best ideas and solutions into practice.Next >