VOLUME 48, NUMBER 4 THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION WWW.APPA-NET.ORG WINTER 2024-2025scramsystems.com Superior GPS Tracking Paired with Victim Notification Technology Full Spectrum of Electronic Monitoring Solutions That Make a Difference SCRAM CAM ®SCRAM Ally®SCRAM TouchPoint® SCRAM House Arrest® SCRAM GPS ® 9 PlusSCRAM Remote Breath® Pro High-risk, violent offenders pose a risk to not only their victims, but to their communities. That’s why SCRAM Systems offers an accurate and reliable GPS monitoring solution paired with a victim notification mobile app. SCRAM GPS® 9 Plus is a next-level location monitoring bracelet equipped with revolutionary tamper technology, added Wi-Fi tracking, and enhanced battery life, helping to reduce common alerts so officers can spend more time on their caseloads. And, when paired with the SCRAM Ally® Victim Notification mobile app, victims and supervising authorities are immediately notified if a GPS client is in proximity to the victim’s phone. SCRAM Ally may offer added peace of mind for victims and gives officers additional insight into the location and actions of GPS clients. Proud to be an APPA 50th Anniversary Sponsor3 U nlike most issues, this Perspectives has no unifying theme, but like most issues it has well-written articles that are informative and well worth reading. In “Turning the Corner on Impaired Driving,” Mark Stodola does an excellent job of outlining recent increases in traffic fatalities due to impaired driving, the need to reverse course, and the resources available to us in the form of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration initiatives. Mr. Stodola, the APPA’s lead Probation Fellow, is himself funded—along with three top-tier Regional Probation Fellows—by the NHTSA and tasked with helping community supervision professionals deliver successful DWI interventions. He details the various resources available from the NHTSA and urges us to join together to prevent as many unnecessary DWI deaths as possible. Our Tribal Grants Manager, Mark Dyea, describes efforts to help improve community corrections programs and outcomes in Tribal communities in his “APPA Reaffirms Its Commitment to Work with Tribal Communities.” One highlight is the Tribal Reentry Toolkit, with training pertaining to its use continuing through 2026 due to a partnership with the National Criminal Justice Training Center. He also describes APPA’s Tribal Youth Notification Systems project (for improving notification when Tribal youth enter non-Tribal juvenile justice systems) and other grant-funded efforts to assist justice-involved American Indian/Alaska Native youth. The author encourages Tribal community input to help APPA identify and address the most pressing issues pertaining to community corrections, reentry, juvenile justice, and relevant cultural programming. “The Fall of Norway’s Prison Paradise: A Role Model in Decline” by Stian Estenstad and Nina Hanssendescribes the concerning impact of recent resource shortages, understaffing, shortfalls in services and activities for inmates, and shifts in prison populations. These issues are compounded by a lack of coordination between the correctional service and healthcare and social services. The authors conclude that the recent declines are not irreversible but demand immediate action, including better wages for employees, more resources, and better interagency cooperation. Finally, the aptly named “Justice Counts: Closing the Data Gap” does an excellent job of summing up the challenges of accurate data collection in the field of community supervision and criminal justice as a whole. The Justice Counts initiative has resulted in the development of a dashboard to present the voluminous data gathered on probation, parole, and other aspects of the criminal justice system. This is a visual, usable, and “friendly” way of conveying needed information. The term “dashboard” has certainly come a long way from its original meaning! The authors strongly encourage participation in data collection efforts by departments and agencies nationwide. Step up! And that is the crux of the matter—the need to step up. It’s not surprising that the word “challenges” can be found so often in these Perspectives articles. Strong winds are blowing, and perhaps some unanticipated and/or unwanted changes must be faced down the road, but I am confident that the existence of meaningful—and surmountable challenges will give us the spirit to continue our important work. We see areas where former progress has stalled, or where there has been backsliding—such as described in regard to impaired driving and Norwegian prisons. We see areas where dedicated professionals have made great efforts to foster advancements and where we need to push for program continuation, such as in Tribal outreach services, efforts to improve national data collection and, again, efforts to quash impaired driving. Your help is wanted and your work is needed and appreciated. The winds may blow, but we all must link arms and continue to push for advances. We must remember how important our work is—and get the message out. I conclude with a quotation from the wonderful Maya Angelou: “We may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated.” So onward and upward! VERONICA CUNNINGHAM EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/ CEO APPA executive director/ceo's message4 PERSPECTIVES Perspectives disseminates information to the American Probation and Parole Association’s members on relevant policy and program issues and provides updates on activities of the Association. The membership represents adult and juvenile probation, parole, and community corrections agencies throughout the United States and abroad. Articles submitted for publication are screened by an editorial committee and, on occasion, selected reviewers, to determine acceptability based on relevance to the field of criminal justice, clarity of presentation, or research methodology. Perspectives does not reflect unsupported personal opinions. Articles must be emailed to perspectives@csg.org in accordance with the following deadlines: • Unless previously discussed with the editors, submissions should not exceed 12 typed pages, numbered consecutively, and double-spaced. All charts, graphs, tables, and photographs must be of reproduction quality. Optional titles may be submitted and selected after review with the editors. •All submissions must be in English and in American Psychological Association (APA) Style. • Authors should provide a one-paragraph biography, along with contact information. • Notes should be used only for clarification or substantive comments, and should appear at the end of the text. • References to source documents should appear in the body of the text with the author’s surname and the year of publication in parentheses, e.g., to (Mattson, 2015, p. 73). •Alphabetize each reference at the end of the text using the following format: • Mattson, B. (2015). Technology supports decision making in health and justice. Perspectives, 39(4), 70-79. • Hanser, R. D. (2014). Community corrections (2 nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. While the editors of Perspectives reserve the right to suggest modifications to any contribution, all authors will be responsible for, and given credit for, final versions of articles selected for publication. Submissions will not be returned to contributors. instructions to authors Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences American Correctional Association Association of Paroling Authorities International Association of Women’s Executives in Corrections Chief Probation Officers of CA Confederation of European Probation FL Association of Community Corrections IJIS Institute International Community Justice Association Interstate Commission for Adult Offender Supervision National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies National Association of Probation Executives National Crime Prevention Council New Zealand Association of Probation Officers Probation & Community Corrections Officers Association of Australia Probation Officers Association of Wielkopolska Probation Officers Professional Association of IN SC Probation and Parole Association VA Probation and Parole Association affiliate members VOLUME 48, NUMBER 45 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION THE FALL OF NORWAY’S PRISON PARADISE BY STIAN ESTENSTAD AND NINA HANSSEN 22 8 PRODUCTION STAFF 9 APPA CORPORATE MEMBERS corporate members 10 TURNING THE CORNER ON IMPAIRED DRIVING BY MARK STODOLA APPA REAFFIRMS ITS COMMITMENT TO WORK WITH TRIBAL COMMUNITIES BY MARK A. DYEA 18 features JUSTICE COUNTS: CLOSING THE DATA GAP BY GWYN KAITIS 30PRODUCTION STAFF Veronica CunninghamEditor in Chief Kimberly KrasPerspectives Co-Editor Jason StaufferPerspectives Co-Editor Travis JohnsonProduction Coordinator Cathryn HahnGraphic Designer DIRECTORY APPA Main (859) 244-8204 Publication Orders (859) 244-8204 General Training Institute (859) 244-8236 Information Clearinghouse (859) 244-8204 Membership (859) 244-8212 Request for Training (859) 244-8236 Resource Expo (859) 244-8206 Advertising (859) 244-8206 Grants/TA (859) 244-8015 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Susan RicePresident Marcus HodgesPresident-Elect Thomas GregoryVice President Tania ApplingTreasurer Audrey RigsbeeSecretary Brian LovinsImmediate Past President Scott TaylorSecond Past President Isabel Perez-MorinaAffiliate Representative Pamerson O. Ifill Member At-Large Alyza GonzalezLine Staff Representative Jennifer BradyRegion 1 Representative Hannah CochranRegion 2 Representative Dena DavisRegion 3 Representative Gene CotterRegion 4 Representative LaTasha JonesRegion 5 Representative Veronica CunninghamExecutive Director/CEO Communications should be addressed to: American Probation and Parole Association c/o 2024 American Probation and Parole Association 1776 Avenue of the States, Lexington, KY, 40511 Fax: (859) 244-8001, E-mail: appa@csg.org Website: www.appa-net.org Perspectives is published four times annually by the American Probation and Parole Association through its secretariat office in Lexington, Kentucky. ISSN 0821-1507 Reprint permission. Direct requests for permission to use material published in Perspectives in writing to perspectives@csg.org. ©2024 The Council of State Governments CO-CHAIRS: LILY GLEICHER Senior Supervisory Research Scientist, The Bail Project PO Box 750 Venice, CA 90294 Phone: (312) 869 - 4806 lgleicher3@gmail.com KIMBERLY R. KRAS, PHD, Associate Professor School of Public Affairs San Diego State University Department of Criminal Justice School of Public Affairs 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego, CA 92182 Phone: (619) 594-1158 kkras@sdsu.edu MEMBERS: Eileen Ahlin, PhD, Penn State Harrisburg Lauren Duhaime, PhD, CNA Phillip Galli, PhD, St. Croix County Shelley Johnson, PhD, University of North Carolina - Charlotte Jennifer Lanterman, PhD, University of Nevada Reno Katie Meyer, Evident Change Susan Wright, PA Counseling Reveka Schteynberg, California State University, San Bernardino Melissa Waldock, Kansas Department of Corrections Mark Stodola, Probation Fellow Jill Viglione, PhD, University of Central Florida editorial board The American Probation and Parole Association is an affiliate of and receives its secretariat services from The Council of State Governments (CSG). CSG, the multibranch association of the states and U.S. territories, works with state leaders across the nation and through its regions to put the best ideas and solutions into practice. 6 PERSPECTIVESVOLUME 48, NUMBER 4American Community Corrections Institute Trevor Lloyd, President P.O. Box 1910, Orem, UT 84059-1910 tlloyd@accilifeskills.com Acivilate, Inc. Dana Malament, CEO 311 Ferst DR NW Ste L, Atlanta, GA 30318-5602 dana@acivilate.com Allied Universal Electronic Monitoring Kerri Ryan, Strategic Marketing Manager 1838 Gunn Hwy, Odessa, FL 33556 kerri.ryan@em.aus.com Allvest Services dba Vant4ge Sean Hosman, CEO. PO Box 1802, Salt Lake City UT - 84110-1802 shosman@vant4ge.com Averhealth Justin Manni, Vice President of Business Development 2916 W. Marshall Street, Suite A Richmond, VA 23230 jmanni@averhealth.com Buddi ED Harrison, Director of Sales & Service Buddi US, LLC 2710 Alt 19 North, Palm Harbor, FL 34683 Ed@buddi.us Corrections Software Solutions James Redus, President 316 North Lamar Street, Austin, TX 78703 jredus@correctionssoftware.com Fieldware Ken Tomlinson, Director Customer Engagement 13012 Harmony Parkway Westminster, CO 80234 ktomlinson@fieldware.com Geo Care Monica Hook, VP, Communications 4955 Technology Way Boca Raton, FL 33431-3367 mhook@geocareinc.com Indivior Scott Schoenborn, Therapeutic Area Lead 10710 Midlothian Tpke, Suite 430 North Chesterfield, VA 23235-4722 scott.schoenborn@indivior.com Intoxalock Linda Vadel, Affiliate Marketing Coordinator 11035 Aurora Ave, Des Moines, IA 50322 lvadel@intoxalock.com Journal Technologies Kathy Cullen, Marketing Director 915 E 1st Street, Los Angeles, CA - 90012 kcullen@journaltech.com LifeSafer MaryBeth Graff, Marketing Coordinator 1411 Diggs Drive, Raleigh, NC 27603 marybeth.graff@scramsystems.com National Curriculum and Training Institute Gary Bushkin, President 319 East McDowell Road, Suite 200 Phoenix, AZ 85004-1534 gary@ncti.org Noble Software Group Diana DeMedio, President 108 Rosewood ST, Lake Jackson, TX 77566-4937 ddemedio@noblesg.com Premier Biotech Todd Bailey, President P.O. Box 296 Excelsior, MN 55331 tbailey@premierbiotech.com Reconnect Pete Andrews, CEO 1 Faraday Drive Cumberland, ME 04021 pete.andrews@reconnect.io RemoteCOM Robert Rosenbusch, President/CEO 4955 Technology Way 2251 Double Creek Dr # 404 Round Rock, TX 78664 robert@remote-com.com 7 AMERICAN PROBATION AND PAROLE ASSOCIATION Corporations with an interest in the field of probation, parole, and community corrections are invited to become APPA corporate members. Corporate members receive benefits such as enhanced visibility among APPA’s international network of community corrections professionals, as well as shared information on the latest trends and issues that specifically affect community corrections. CORPORATE MEMBER corporate members Continued on page 8...SCRAM Systems Erin White, Events Marketing Manager 1241 West Mineral Avenue, Ste 100 Littleton, CO 80120 ewhite@scramsystems.com Shadowtrack Robert L. 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David DeGeorge, Regional Sales Manager 200 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10003 The Change Companies Jesse Tillotson, National Director of Justice Services The Change Companies 5221 Sigstrom Dr, Carson City, NV 89706 jtillotson@changecompanies.net TRAC Solutions Catherine Nienhouse, Marketing Manager 20 N Wacker DR Chicago, IL 60606 catherine.nienhouse@cam-sys.net Track Group Miranda Follis, Director of Marketing 200 East 5th AvenueSuite 100 Napierville, IL 60563 miranda.follis@trackgrp.com Tyler Technologies Lara Lung, Trade Show Specialist 5101 Tennyson Parkway Plano, TX 75024 Lara.Lung@tylertech.com 806-791-8200 corporate members cont’dExceeding Standards with Reliability and Accuracy LifeSafer partners with monitoring authorities nationwide to provide supervision to those requiring an ignition interlock device. 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